Grammar for BA / BSc / B Com I Semester

Change the following sentences into passive voice:

Passive voice

       Passive voice is used when object is more important than the subject in the sentence.

       Passive voice is used only for transitive verbs.

       Passive voice is to remove the unimportant subject of the sentence.

       Passive voice is used when verb is followed by a direct object.

Sl. No	Tense pattern	Active Voice verb	Passive voice verb
1	Simple present	write/writes	is/ are written
2.	Present continuous	am/is/are writing	is/are being written
3.	Present prefect	have/has written	have/has been written
4.	Present prefect continuous	have/has been writing	No passive
5.	Simple past	wrote	was/were written
6.	Past continuous	was/were writing	was/ were being written
7.	Past perfect	had written	had been written
8.	Past perfect continuous	had been writing	No passive
9.	Simple future	*modal + write	modal + be + written
10.	Future continuous	modal + be+ writing	No passive
11.	Future perfect	modal + have + written	modal + have + been written
12.	Future perfect continuous	modal + have +been + writing	No passive

(* modal verbs are: will/shall/can/ may/ must/should/would/could/might/ought)

Noun Case
Noun/pronoun	Subjective Case	Objective Case	Possessive/Genitive Case
Rama	Rama	Rama	Rama’s
I	I	me	my/mine
We	We	us	our/ours
You	you	you	your/yours
He	he	him	his
She	She	her	her
It	It	it	its
They	They	them	their
who	who	whom	whose

Exercises:

 B. Sc. 2008

1. Somebody has put out the light.    The light has been put out (by somebody).

2. He ordered a book.
3. They found him guilty of murder.
4. We expect good news.

 B. Sc. 2010

1. We demand an enquiry.
2. The principal grants us leave.
3. People criticized him for not offering to pay for the damage.
4. Ram will win the first prize.

B. A. 2008

1. The institute received 100 applications
2. Americans elected Bush as their President.
3. The syllabus is completed by the teacher in time.
4. Library books were returned by a few students.

B. A. 2010

1. Sita likes coffee.
2. Somebody wants Ravi on the telephone.
3. The police is/are unduly harassing me.
4. Students are doing a lot of work.

B. Com. 2009

1. The carpenter repairs the chair.

      2. Who wrote the poem?

      3. The child was brought up very well by the step-mother.

5.  Let the latest news be given to me.      Give me the latest News.

B. Com. 2010

1. He ate a fruit.
2. They beat him.
3. The cow gives milk.
4. We should respect elders.

 B. Sc. 2010

1. Someone switched on the light and opened the door.
2. He will not write the letter he will type it.
3. They are repairing the roads recently damaged in the rains.
4. How did you kill the snake?

B. Com. 2010

1. The hunter shot down many ducks.
2. The camel ate leaves.
3. We must give up bad habits.
4. We have to repair the fence.

B. Sc. 2010

1. Students will enjoy a holiday.
2. Sita likes sweet.
3. Suresh bought these books.
4. My friends trust me.

B. C. A. 2010

1. My friends trust me.
2. He presented his wife a saree.
3. They were making good progress.

B. Sc. 2010

1. The curator of the museum showed us some ancient coins.
2. They have pulled down the old house.
3. We expect good news.
4. We must listen to his words.

 B. Sc. 2010

1. They found him guilty of murder.
2. I have kept the money in the safe.
3. We admire the brave.
4. I offered him a chair.

The Rising of the Moon — Lady Gregory

Lady Gregory’s The Rising of the Moon is a political play dealing with the relation between England and Ireland. Here we find Ireland trying to free itself from the English rule. The English has dominated over Ireland for a long period of time. In this play we find that the characters are torn between duty and patriotism and are ultimately united together as Irishmen through the folklore, myths and songs which they share as a nation. The thought of being the citizen of a country is considered as more important over one’s feelings of duty towards of foreign nation 

Patriotism is the force that unites the people of a country. Lady Gregory’s play written in Irish English presents two characters. One is an Irish patriot with a prize on his head who is involved in the Irish struggle for freedom. The other person is a sergeant who is on the look-out for him. He is posted at the harbor to check whether the wanted man who has escaped is seen passing by. The sergeant is a poor family man who is badly in need of money. The patriot comes that way disguised as a ballad singer. He sings patriotic folk songs and arouses the sergeant’s nationalistic feelings. Finally he identifies him but does not arrest him. He lets him go and willingly loses the reward. His patriotism outweighs his duty. The scene is a harbor somewhere in Ireland. The British are still the rulers and the Irish patriots are still fighting for their country’s independence. One such Irish nationalist has been arrested but he has escaped from jail. The authorities put a prize on his head and the play begins with a sergeant and two policemen pasting a notice or a placard with physical details of the escaped prisoner.

The sergeant suggests that they put up the notice on the barrel. There is a flight of steps that lead to the barrel.  This place must e watched because there is every chance that the friends of the escape might bring a boat there to help him get away to some a safe place. The sergeant reads the placard and feels sorry that he had not seen before he escaped from the jail. He knows that the wanted man is no ordinary criminal but an important political figure. He is the person who makes all the plans for the entire Irish nationalist organization. The sergeant believes that he could not have escaped without the support some of the jailors. Policeman B says that the hundred pounds reward is not enough but he is sure that any policeman who captures him will get promotion. The sergeant then says that he will mind the place himself because he is sure that he will be able to catch the wanted man himself. However he regrets the fact there is no one to help him. He, being a family man requires the money.    

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Summary of “Waterloo” — Arthur Conan Doyle

In Arthur Conan Doyle’s play “Waterloo” the main character is Corporal Gregory Brewster. He is 96 years old, looked after by a housekeeper. It was rumored that he was not being looked after properly. So his grand-niece Norah is sent by her parents from Essex to look after him. Even McDonald of Royal Artillery and Colonel Midwinter of Scots Guards come to see him.

In the play Brewster is doddering, thin, with white hair and wrinkled face. He is hard of hearing, worried about the cold weather and impatient for food and rum. Due to his old age he has become childish and remembers giving a bull pup to his brother. He is surprised when Norah says that she has come by train and can read the Bible. Even in the Bible, he wants to listen about war. He likes to hear about the Israelites and their wars in the Old Testament of the Bible. He gets angry with Norah when she says that everything is peaceful in heaven. He requests the Colonel to give him a military funeral when he dies. He does not appreciate the new developments. He cries like a baby when his pipe breaks and smiles immediately when given a new pipe by McDonald. He loves to see the soldiers marching, the band playing and loves to feel a gun. When someone says that they are proud of him, he remembers the Regent and his words.

Brewster is a war hero who showed his bravery during the battle of Waterloo, between Britain and France. On the 18th of June, four companies of the Third Guards held the important farmhouse of Hougoumont. At a critical point of the fight, there was short of powder. So Brewster was sent to bring the reserve ammunition. He returned with two carts filled with powder. But the French forces had set fire in the hedge around the farm. One of the cart exploded killing the driver. The other driver was frightened and tried to turn away his cart. Seeing this, Brewster jumped into the seat, threw the driver down and drove the cart through the fire to his friends. Thus the British forces were able to win the battle because of Brewster’s heroic act.

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