Friday, September 30, 2016

12 Manners to get respect from others

12 Manners to get respect from others

The Golden word is “Mannerism make a man, good manners make a good man.”

Sometimes, even educated people behave unnatural way even in trifle matters and become cheap in the eyes of others. So to avoid such embarrassing situations, it is well and good to observe the following 12 points and be dignified.

  1. Never read the letters of even your closest relatives, friends, and family members like brothers / sisters. If you read their letters, they will treat you a person without manners.

  1. Never show interest in others personal matters and do not read their personal diaries.

  1. Never see their SMSs in their cell phones and also their money purses.

  1. Don’t see their albums, unless they request you to see them and also not pass your comments about the album’s nature and external appearance.

  1. Switch off the cell phones or keep them in silent mode, when you are attending the official meetings, cultural programmes and also during dinner times in the presence of guests.

  1. Whenever guest visit your home, open the door and invite them politely and walk behind them (not in front of them) and make them be seated comfortably either in the chairs or in a sofa.

  1. Whenever you go to your friend’s house, take with you, sweets and fruits and for the children biscuits and chocolates etc.

  1. Whenever anyone visits your home, usually they bring something for you and to your children also and you also reciprocate them in the same manner.

  1. Whenever you have taken help from others, express your gratitude by saying words like, ‘thanks or please…’, etc. you will get good impression in their opinion about you. Give tips to waiters in hotels or restaurants.

  1. During parties or in functions take the food items along with the guests (not alone) and also it is good to serve each other and drink together. It is a good social behaviour.

  1. While taking coffee, tea or cool drink in the office, always keep the office files on your left side (not on a right side).

  1. A simple smile on your face brings laurels and creates good impression on you in other’s minds; moreover it costs nothing but fetches everything.

‘Give respect and take respect’ is a good slogan and keep it in your mind, wherever you go and whatever your profession and position may be.

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Tuesday, September 27, 2016

Waterloo - Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

Waterloo - Sir Arthur Conan Doyle: Summary 

There are four characters in this play. Corporal Brewster aged ninety-six, Norah Brewster, his grandniece, Sergeant McDonald and Colonel Midwinter. In a front room in a small country house there is a roughly made painting of Corporal Brewster in a red coat with a bearskin. On one side of the portrait, there is a cutting from a newspaper framed, and on the other, there is a medal also within a frame. 

Norah Brewster comes in with a bundle of her luggage. She finds nobody at home. She is impressed with her grand-uncle's portrait and medal. Her granduncle seems to have been neglected, so she has come to look after him. The housekeeper seems to have gone after lighting the fire. Norah waxes to prepare food for her granduncle. She thinks only a brave man dared to fight against him. 

Just then Sergeant McDonald has come to see Corporal Gregory Brewster, who was in the Scots Guards and who fought in the battle of Waterloo. Then the Sergeant goes out wishing to come again in an hour or two when he comes back from the butts. Then Norah asks who she will say came for him. He returns and says that he is Sergeant McDonald of Artillery. He has heard that the old gentleman was not properly looked after. Norah says that that is why her father sent her to do what she could. She is preparing tea for the old man. McDonald says that there is not many living now who can say that they fought against Napoleon Bonaparte. He reads the slip of paper beside the medal. There is the date, August 1815: He also reads the cutting of the newspaper. There's the heading "Heroic Deed" and the following report: "On Tuesday an interesting ceremony was performed at the barracks of the third regiment of the Guards and a special meal was presented to Corporal Gregory Brewster in recognition of his bravery in the recent great battle. On the 18th of June four companies of the Third Guards held the important farmhouse of Hougoumont. At a critical period of the action the troops found themselves short of powder, and Corporal Brewster was sent to bring the reserve ammunition. The Corporal returned with two carts, but he found that in his absence the French had ignited the hedge around the farm and the passage of the carts had become almost impossibility. The first cart exploded, killing the driver and his comrade turned his horses, but Corporal Brewster jumped into his seat, threw the driver down and drove the cart through the flames and rejoined his comrades and the battle was bravely won." He hands back the frame and Norah says that they are all proud of her uncle. 

Taking his carbine, the Sergeant goes and Norah thinks that he kindly reads to her all about her uncle. Her uncle calls Mary, the housekeeper, to give him his food. Corporal Brewster enters. He is walking unsteadily. He's very thin, bent and his hair is white and his face is wrinkled. When he walks across the room, Norah looks at the man first and then at his picture on the wall. The old man is dissatisfied and asks for food because the cold has injured him without food. He wants to have tea. Then Norah introduces her as his brother, George's granddaughter and he is surprised at his little George having a girl. He remembers that he gave a pup to his brother and asks her if he did not give it to her to bring. And Norah replies that her grandfather died twenty years before. He drinks tea with loud supping. She gives him butter and egg and he eats voraciously. He asks her if she came by coach yesterday. Then she replies that she came by the morning train. But the old man is afraid of the new things. He wonders how she travelled more than twenty miles in the morning. He is surprised at the rapid progress in the world. He says that he gets energy from food. Life does not seem very long to him. He is over ninety, but he thinks that he got his bounty only yesterday and he still feels the smell of the burned powder on his nose. He is proud of the day when he was given the medal. He coughs and drinks medicine out of the bottle. 

A regiment of soldiers is coming down the street. Norah is quite excited. The old man wants his glasses and complains that bands don't seem to play as loud nowadays as they used to. He wants to know their number, but Norah says they have no numbers, but names. He is not very happy with this change. He enjoys watching them march and swing. He feels pain in his chest and his skin also causes him pain. 

The Sergeant appears again in the room. He wants to see the old man. He says that he is proud and glad to see the old man. He salutes him. Norah is half frightened and half attracted to see the young man. The old man asks him to sit down. When he sees the three stripes, he says that it is three times easier to these days. The Sergeant introduces himself and says that all his mates are proud to have the old man in the town. He also invites the old man to the non-commissioned mess to have a pipe and a glass of rum. The Corporal says that he will go there in fine weather. He is happy to hear about the non-commissioned mess. When the Sergeant asks him if he was in the Guards, he replies that he was in the Scots Guards. He adds that all the Guardsmen from the Colonel Byng to the drummer boys have marched away and that he is still here as a loafer. He thinks that it is not his fault because he can't leave his post without being called. The Sergeant gives him a pouch of tobacco. He tries to fill his clay pipe, but drops it. It breaks and he begins to sob like a child. The Sergeant soothes him by giving him his wooden pipe and he smiles instantly bursting through his tears. He says that it's a fine pipe, and that his brother, George, never had pipes like this. He also wants to have the feel of the carbine and is surprised at it. Then the Sergeant goes out. Norah thinks that he will be like her granduncle in sixty years and that her granduncle was once like him. The old man asks her to move his chair to the door. It will be warm there and the flies won't disturb him. 

The old man then asks Norah to read to him from the Bible. He wants her to read about the wars and soldiers. When Norah says that it's all peace in the next world, he replies that there will be the final battle of Armageddon. He wants to go back to the corner. When he is rising, Colonel Midwinter comes in civilian costume. He has come to see the Corporal (the old man). When he introduces himself as the Colonel of the Scots Guards, the Corporal jumps to his feet and salutes Then he staggers and is about to fall. The Colonel and Norah support him. He feels very happy that the colonel has come to visit him. The Colonel also says that they are proud of the Corporal in London. He tells the Colonel about his health. But his memory is excellent. He remembers the names of every person in the company and every detail of the battle. The most impressive thing of his life was that he lost three half-crowns that he lent to Jabes Smith at Brussels. The Colonel says that the officers of the Guards want him to buy him some little present which may add to his comfort. Then the Corporal requests the Colonel to do him a favor He wishes to have a flag and a firing party when he dies because he is not a civilian and he also wants two lines of the bearskins after his coffin The Colonel says that he will see to it but hopes that they may have nothing but good news from him. And he goes out. 

Norah supposes that the old man is asleep. But he is so grey and thin that he frightens her. She wishes she had someone to advise her when he is ill and when he is not. Suddenly the Sergeant enters and asks how he is. But she feels quite frightened about him. He hopes that the sleep will bring strength to him. He has collected a pound of fine tobacco for the old man. He asks her if she has been to the barrack and requests her to come with her granduncle. The old man, in a loud voice says that the Guards need powder and struggles to rise. Norah is frightened. He again says that the Guards need powder and falls back into the chair. Norah and the Sergeant rush to him. Norah starts to sob and asks what he thinks of the old man. The Sergeant seriously replies that the corporal is dead and with his old companions. 

-----000---- 

1984 – George Orwell

1984 – George Orwell 

Summary of the Novel 

The concepts of free enterprise and individual freedom no longer exist in 1984. Only three superpowers remain to dominate a world of Hatred, Isolation, and Fear. Eurasia and Eastasia are two of these superpowers. Oceania, the other, is always at war with one of them. 

Winston Smith is a 39-year-old employee at the Ministry of Truth, London, located in Oceania. His world is shaped by the Party and its dictator/leader Big Brother, whose face is everywhere on posters captioned “Big Brother Is Watching You.” Big Brother controls life in Oceania through the four ministries of Peace, Love, Plenty, and Truth. Winston’s job at the Ministry of Truth involves revisions of historical documents and rewrites of News stories to reflect the Party’s infallibility. 
The Party, which carries out government policies in Oceania, rations food, issues clothing, and selects social activities. Both chocolate and tobacco are in short supply during this latest war. Winston’s clothing, including his tattered pajamas, is government issued, and his evenings are spent in government-sponsored meetings. 

War and Hatred dominate Oceania, where the Party monitors every move and expression with telescreens, hidden microphones, and spies. The Thought Police, Big Brother’s secret militia, help the Party quell any sign of revolt by eliminating all who think or behave in a disloyal fashion. Hate Week intensifies feeling against Emmanuel Goldstein, Enemy of the People, while increasing devotion to Big Brother. The Party also preaches that the proles (proletarians), the majority, are natural inferiors to be kept in check. 

The Party, however, does not completely control Winston. He secretly buys an illegal diary in which he writes the heresy “Down with Big Brother.” In doing so, he commits the worst offense, “thought crime,” a new speak term for the “essential crime that contained all others in itself.” Many of Winston’s thoughts revolve around his attempts to remember various events and people from his childhood, especially his mother who had disappeared years before. Winston tries to investigate the specifics of life in London before the Revolution, but it seems the Party has been successful in eradicating all remnants of daily life in the past. 

Winston enters into an affair with the free-spirited Julia, a fellow employee at the Ministry of Truth. At the beginning they view their desire for one another as a political act against the Party dominated by hate and suspicion. Since promiscuity among Party members has been forbidden, they view their affair as an act of rebellion. As the affair continues, Winston’s feelings for Julia change. Although the couple knows the affair is doomed, they continue to meet secretly in an attic room above a junk shop owned by Mr. Charrington, the man who sold the diary, and later, a coral paperweight, to Winston. The lovers discuss the repressiveness of their lives and the possibility of joining the Brotherhood, the secret underground of Emmanuel Goldstein whose express purpose is to overthrow Big Brother. 
At work at the Ministry of Truth, Winston is approached by O’Brien, an acquaintance who seems to share his views. After Winston and Julia visit O’Brien at his apartment, he recruits them as members of the Brotherhood and promises to send them a copy of Goldstein’s book, which details strategies to destroy Big Brother. Winston pledges to do whatever it takes, including murder and suicide, to erode the power of the Party. 

The inevitable occurs when Julia and Winston are arrested in their secret room, betrayed by Mr. Charrington, a member of the Thought Police. Winston is taken to the Ministry of Love where he is starved, beaten, and tortured during the next months in an effort to “cure” him. Ironically, his torturer is O’Brien, who confirms his identity as a dedicated Inner Party member. Winston submits after a long struggle when he is taken to the mysterious room 101 and threatened with a cage of hungry rats prepared to devour him. At this point he finally betrays Julia. 

Soon Winston is released, but he awaits the bullet he knows will extinguish him. He unexpectedly runs into Julia, who admits that she too had betrayed their love. Surprisingly, Winston feels no desire for her, preferring instead to take his usual seat at the Chestnut Street Cafe where he spends another night in his habitual alcoholic stupor. Winston knows that it is only a matter of time before the Party executes him; nevertheless, when the telescreen barks the news of the army’s latest victory, he weeps with joy. The Party finally controls Winston, whose defeat is summed up in the final sentence, “He loved Big Brother.”  

***** 

Tuesday, September 20, 2016

Othello - William Shakespeare

Othello – William Shakespeare (Summary of Act V)

Iago and Roderigo wait outside the brothel where Cassio visits Bianca. Iago keeps Roderigo in a position with a rapier where he will be able to ambush Cassio. Iago then withdraws himself though roderigo asks him not to go too far in case he needs his help in killing Cassio. Cassio enters and Roderigo stabs at Cassio but fails to pierce Cassio’s armour. In self-defense, Cassio immediately stabs Roderigo and wounds him fatally. In this commotion, Iago darts out from his hiding and stabs Cassio in the leg and exits.   Not knowing who has stabbed him, Cassio falls crying ‘murder’, ‘murder’.  At this same moment, Othello hearing Cassio’s frantic cries of murder and believes that Iago has killed Cassio. Then, Othello returns to his bedchamber under the influence of Iago’s successful vengeance to kill his own wife, Desdemona.

Othello enters his bedchamber holding a candle and stands over his sleeping wife, Desdemona and prepares to kill her. He bends down to kiss her once before he does his deed. She wakes up as he is trying to kiss her. He tells her to prepare to die. Growing frightened, Desdemona asks her husband why he means to kill her. Othello tells her that she has been unfaithful to him with Cassio for which he had a proof in the handkerchief. She pleads with him for her innocence and tries to convince him about her honesty against his charges of guilt. Othello refuses to believe Desdemona’s denial of his charges, saying that Cassio has confessed but he will speak no more, since he has been killed by Iago.  Desdemona begins to weep for Cassio, as she hears about his death, which only drives Othello into a greater rage. Othello tries to strangle her. Struggling to escape from manly grip of her husband she begs him to allow her to live just a little longer. In spite of her helpless begging, Othello finally succeeds in smothering his wife. By the time, Emilia calls from outside the door. In delirium, Othello confused her cries with his wife’s and concludes that Desdemona is not yet dead. Thinking himself to be merciful; and not wanting his wife linger in pain, he smoothers her again. 

Later, Othello draws the bed curtains and lets Emilia in. Emilia informs Othello that Cassio has killed Roderigo. Othello asks her if Cassio has also been killed as well. Emilia informs him that Cassio is still alive. As Othello begins to realize that his plans have gone awry. In the mean time Desdemona cries out that she has been murdered. She stays alive long enough to recant this statement. She tells Emilia that she was not murdered but killed herself. She dies. Othello triumphantly admits to Emilia that he killed Desdemona. Emilia asks him why she was killed. Othello tells her that Iago opened his eyes to Desdemona’s falsehood. Emilia is unfazed by Othello’s threat that she was best to remain silent. Then, Emilia calls out for help. Montano, Graziano and Iago enter the scene to take stock of the situation. 

As the truth of Iago’s villainy begins to come out through Emilia’s accusations. Hearing all, Othello falls weeping upon the bed that contains the body of his dead wife. Still, Othello clings to his belief in Iago’s truth and Desdemona’s guilt, mentioning the handkerchief and Cassio’s ‘confession’. When Othello mentions the handkerchief, Emilia erupts, and Iago, no longer certain that he can keep his plots hidden, he attempts to silence her with his sword. Graziano stops him and Emilia explains how she found the handkerchief and gave it to Iago. Realizing this Othello runs at Iago but he is disarmed by Montano. In this commotion, Iago is able to stab his wife, Emilia. Emilia falls dead apparently. Emilia’s dying words tells Othello that Desdemona was chaste and loved him. Hearing this, Othello stabs himself and falls across the bed on which where his wife, Desdemona had fallen dead. Thus, Othello meets his tragic end as he was lending his ears for others’ words.

****


Sunday, August 28, 2016

Hamlet - William Shakespeare

Hamlet

Summary of the Play

Prince Hamlet of Denmark is urged by his father’s Ghost to avenge his murder at the hands of the dead king’s brother, now King Claudius; to make matters worse, Claudius has married the widow, Hamlet’s mother, Queen Gertrude. Denmark is under threat of invasion from young Fortinbras, who seeks to regain lands lost to Hamlet’s father by Fortinbras’s father. Claudius sends word to the King of Norway (Fortinbras’s uncle) to curb Fortinbras’s aggression. In the meantime, Hamlet feigns madness with his family and friends, including his beloved, Ophelia, sister to Laertes and daughter to Polonius. Both Polonius and Laertes warn Ophelia against Hamlet’s amorous advances. Polonius believes Hamlet’s “madness” to be love sickness. Laertes is given permission to return to his studies in Paris.

Claudius directs Gertrude to try to learn the cause of Hamlet’s odd behavior; they suspect it is the old king’s death and their own recent marriage. Meantime, Claudius and Polonius eavesdrop on Ophelia and Hamlet, who spurns her and appears mad. The King reveals to Polonius his plan to send Hamlet to England with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern.
Hamlet seizes the opportunity presented by a traveling troupe of players to expose the King’s guilt with a “play within a play.” Soon after, Hamlet delays killing Claudius because the King is at prayer, and Hamlet does not wish to send him to heaven instead of hell. When Gertrude meets with Hamlet as Claudius has directed, Polonius hides behind the arras in Gertrude’s room to eavesdrop on the conversation. Hamlet, suspecting the interloper is Claudius, stabs and kills Polonius.

When Polonius’s body is discovered, Claudius summons Hamlet and tells him he must sail to England for his own safety; Rosencrantz and Guildenstern accompany Hamlet, carrying letters to the English, threatening war unless they kill Hamlet. Hamlet eventually escapes, returns to Denmark, and is met by Horatio.

Ophelia has gone insane after Hamlet’s departure and her father’s death. Laertes returns and vows to avenge Polonius’s death. Claudius contrives a fencing match between Hamlet and Laertes, during which Hamlet is to be injured with a poisoned sword tip and poisoned with a drink, thus assuring his death. When news arrives that Ophelia has drowned herself, Laertes is grief stricken. Hamlet and Horatio happen upon the burial site and funeral cortege; Hamlet tries to fight Laertes but is restrained.

Hamlet tells Horatio that he rewrote the papers carried by Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, and that the letters now call for their own deaths. Osric invites Hamlet to the duel with Laertes; Claudius has supposedly bet on Hamlet to win. Gertrude mistakenly drinks from the cup poisoned by Claudius for Hamlet, and dies; Laertes wounds Hamlet with the poisoned sword, and then Hamlet wounds Laertes when they accidentally exchange swords. When Laertes reveals the conspiracy, Hamlet wounds the King and forces the poisoned drink upon him. Laertes and Hamlet reconcile, and Laertes dies; Hamlet prevents Horatio from drinking the poison so that he can live to tell the truth. Hamlet names as his successor young Fortinbras, who arrives and orders Hamlet buried with all dignity.

------0------

Saturday, August 27, 2016

ODE ON A GRECIAN URN – JOHN KEATS

ODE ON A GRECIAN URN – JOHN KEATS

The ancient Greeks used to cremate the dead and deposit the ashes in an urn which is then buried. An urn was a generally made of marble or of brass and often the surface of such Urn’s are decorated with beautiful scenes and situations. Keats has discovered such an ancient beautiful marble urn in the British Museum and he was inspired to compose this poem.

Keats addresses the Grecian Urn as an ‘unravished bride of quietness and a foster-child of silence and slow time’. Thus Keats conveys to us the idea of the silent repose and the great age of this piece of Greek sculpture. He also calls the Grecian urn a ‘Sylvan historian’ because of the rural and forest scenes are carved on its surface. He poses a series of questions, which are able to give us vivid pictures referring human beings, gods, beautiful valleys, lovers in passionate mood, and flute players playing wild and ecstasy.

The poet goes on to say about the music of the flute-players depicted on the Grecian urn cannot be actually heard but to be imagined. ‘Unheard melodies are sweeter than heard melodies’. These unheard melodies are sweeter than the melodies that we actually heard. Besides the flute players, on the other side of the urn a lover who is trying to kiss his beloved on the urn will always be seen in the same mood of passion. In the real life, love and beauty decline and fade, but the love and beauty depicted on the urn will remain fresh and forever.

In the other side of the urn the season of spring is depicted. In real life, spring is very short, after the season the trees must shed their leaves and become bare. Similarly, in real life a musician will at least feel tired of playing music and will stop for while. The enjoyment of the pleasures of love in real life is followed by disgust and satiety. But the trees depicted on the urn never shed their leaves, the melodist will never stop his tunes and the heart of the lovers will always throb with passion while the beauty of the beloved will never fade.

Then follows another picture of a crowd of people is going to some place of worship. A priest leads a heifer which has been decorated with garlands and that is to be offered as a sacrifice. The worshipers have come from some little town situated close to a river or on a sea-shore or at the foot of a hill on which stands a fortress. The town which is been emptied of its people, will always remain desolate, because the people shown on the urn will always be seen going away to the place of worship but never returning to the town. 

The poet then addresses the urn as ‘Attic shape’, ‘Fair attitude’, and ‘Cold pastoral’. These expressions convey the beauty and the poise of the urn and also refer to the rural scenes depicted on it. The urn awakens overwhelming feelings in the poet’s mind when he thinks of its eternity. The urn, says Keats, will always a friend to man. The generations of men will come and pass, and will perhaps undergo sufferings and sorrows of which we have no notion at present. But the urn will have a valuable message for generations namely, Beauty is Truth and Truth Beauty. The knowledge of this great fact is of supreme importance and this fact represents the essence of wisdom. Having this knowledge, mankind needs no other knowledge.

* * * * *


Friday, August 26, 2016

ON FIRST LOOKING INTO CHAPMAN'S HOMER - JOHN KEATS

 On First Looking into Chapman's Homer - John Keats

John Keats, the youngest of the romantic poets, was born on 31 October 1795 in London. He was educated at Enfield School. His was a tragic story in the sense that he suffered many calamities during his very short life. In 1804 his father was killed in a riding accident, and six later his mother died of consumption which in those days was an incurable disease. In 1818 his brother George along with his wife emigrated to America. A few months later another brother Tom died of consumption. His disappointment in love with Fanny Brawne whom he loved passionately aggravated the family disease to which he himself had fallen a prey. After his boyhood he never had home of his own and had to move from one lodging to another. Finally to regain his lost health he went to Italy where he died on 23 February 1821. 

Some of his famous poems are ‘Endymion’, ‘Lamia’ and the fragmentary ‘Hyperion’. More famous are the odes of which five are often referred to as the ‘great odes’. They are To a Nightingale, On a Grecian Urn, To Psyche, To Autumn and On Melancholy. The most famous of his sonnets is ‘On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer’. However ‘La Belle Dame Sans Merci’ is considered to be his most perfect poem.  

Poem:

Much have I travell’d in the realms of gold,
And many goodly states and kingdoms seen;
Round many western islands have I been
Which bards in fealty to Apollo hold
Oft of one wide expanse had I been told
That deep-brow’d Homer ruled as his demesne:
Yet did I never breathe its pure serene
Till I heard Chapman speak out loud and bold:
Then felt I like some watcher of the skies
When a new planet swims into his ken;
Or like stout Cortez, when with eagle eyes
He stared at the Pacific – and all his men
Lool’d at each other with a wild surmise –
Silent, upon a peak in Darien.

I have read quite a lot of literature. I have in particular read the works of many west European authors. I had heard much about Greek literature and its greatest poet Homer. But I did not have the good fortune to read his great works for the obvious reason that I did not know the language. I was able to read Homer only in George Chapman’s English translation. It was really a free ad beautiful translation. After reading the translation I was overcome with joy and wonder. My joy was similar to that of an astronomer who discovered a new planet after watching the sky, through a telescope, for hours together. To use another comparison, my joy was like that of Cortex when he saw for the first time the great Pacific Ocean. He saw the ocean standing on a peak in Darien.

****

Saturday, August 13, 2016

ULTIMA THULE - JOHN GALSWORTHY

Ultima Thule - John Galsworthy


John Galswothy, the narrator of the story recalls his old friend Ultima Thule and tells us about his story.

Ultima Thule, an old man always came in Kensington Gardens in the afternoons accompanied by a little girl. They moved about playfully. His dresses did not indicate any great share of prosperity but his face was quite interesting. It had a special sort of brightness with waves of silvery hair and the blue eyes. His cheeks were drawn in and his lips withered.

The narrator made his acquaintance with him. But one day the narrator saw him coming alone, looking sad. He sat down on the bench with the narrator and was talking himself in a sort of whisper. “God cannot be like us”. The narrator asked ‘Why?’ The old man said that the landlady’s seven years old girl was dead. When the narrator said that he had seen her looking at the flowers, trees and ducks. He was happy that the narrator had seen her. He said that she was a good companion to him and that they were good friends. He regretted saying ‘Things don’t last”.

Music, he said makes one feel like a bird. He imitated the note of a black bird and it was very perfect. “Birds and flowers are wonderful things”, he said. All the animals seemed to him marvelous things. He told the narrator that he was happy, as he had spoken to him. He added that he made friends of the creatures and flowers.

Next time, the narrator saw him standing by rails of an enclosure holding a cat. He disliked the boys dragging that cat with a string. The cat was badly hurt. He remarked that a cat is one of the most marvelous things in the world. He knew that the cat would die but he wanted to take it home. He thought that a little kindness might do a great deal for that. The narrator accompanied him for some distance. The old man’s face looked so like a mother’s when she is feeding her baby. He hoped that the cat would look quite differently the following day. He said that he would have to get in through without his landlady’s notice. He added that he had two or three stray creatures already at his place. The narrator wanted to accompany him to his room. He agreed.

As they drew nearer home, the old man took a newspaper from his pocket and wrapped that round the cat. “She is a funny woman”, he repeated about his landlady.

When he opened the door, the narrator saw in the hall a short, thin woman dressed in black with sharp and bumpy face. Her voice sounded brisk and resolute. She asked him what he had got with him… (Mr. Thompson?)

Thompson answered: “Newspaper, Mrs. March”. She told him that he could not take that cat upstairs. The old man spoke in a determined voice. The narrator asked her if Mr. Thompson lived there. In the mean while the old man ascended the stairs.

The landlady showing the man going up said that was Thompson. She expressed her dislike and remarked that he was unbearable. She said he was good but he has no sense of anything.  

Mr. Thompson himself was half-starving but he fed the stray animals. The landlady asked the narrator to advise him.

Thompson’s room was fairly large with a bare floor. The place smelt of soap and a little beasts and birds. Besides the new cat, there were three other cats and four birds they were all invalids. The birds in the cage had perched.

Thompson told the narrator that the birds would go after if they were mended. He spoke about them dearly. To him all those birds and cats seemed to be marvelous.

The landlady had stood still at the bottom of the stairs and asked the narrator if he had met Thompson she added that she didn’t know why she kept him of course he was kind to her little girl. The narrator saw tears in the landlady’s eyes.

The landlady had kept him as a tenant but his keeping the stray animals and birds with him in the room was unbearable to her. She knew that she sends him out, but he was nowhere to go, no relations and not a friend in the world. He was a peculiar, strange being, he himself starved but fed the stray animals that were disabled and sick.

The narrator did not see Thompson again in the garden for sometime and one day he went to meet him. At the entrance to his street, the narrator saw a lot of people collected round and watching a yellowish beast was making frantic movements in the cage. It was an amusement for the people.

A man in the audience asked the master of the animal to give him that animal. He bargained and got it paying three pence. Thompson joined that narrator and expressed that he wanted to have that poor bear.  He expressed his regret that even if he could buy the beast, his landlady would not have allowed that. He said that bear is really an extraordinary animal. “It’s a marvelous creation!” he said.

They were passing through the fish shop. Thompson said: “ A fish is a marvelous thing… look at the scales! Do you ever see such mechanism?”  The narrator bought for him five codfish. Thompson carried them in a bag. He was thinking of his cats.

Thompson always talked about his strays and music. The narrator served him food often. He had been out of a job more than ten years. When questioned he asked not to talk about that.

His landlady had a good conscience and had terrible grudges against Thompson and yet she tolerated him. He always collected the strays and discovered the marvels of creation among them. She allowed him to stay in her house. Their hands were joined by that died child.

Thompson became very ill. The landlady shooed his trays out. He had been giving his food away to those animals. She explained how the birds and cats were dirtying her house and how Thompson led a miserable life. The doctor said that he had caught double pneumonia. The landlady nursed him.

He fell back, quiet at once. Presently one cat came stealing in and sat against the walls. The bullfinch bird came to his pillow. The sunlight played on his bed. He said that the sunlight is the most marvelous thing.

Mr. Jackson of the theatre came to see Mr. Thompson. The narrator described to him the situation and about the expectation of Mr. Thompson. Jackson told the narrator that Thompson worked at his theatre for thirty years and never missed a night. He complimented Thompson was the rare flute player. The owner wanted to send out one flute player. Thompson sent in his resignation. After that he could never get a place anywhere. He was kind hearted and never cared for himself. Mr. Jackson decided to take care of all his birds and cats. He handed over a card to the narrator – “ Mr. Cyril Porteous Jackson, Ultima Thule, Wimbledon”.  He spoke about Thompson with affection.

The landlady too had sat there she was gazing angrily at the cat. Mr. Jackson gave the narrator his diamond ring to take care of Mr. Thompson and went out.

The following morning Mr. Thompson died. The bright angel had gone to sleep. The bird had sat on his chest looking into his face.

He had not left money for his funeral. He never thought about himself. The landlady began to cry. A telegraphic message was sent to Jackson and on the day of the funeral the narrator went to his house Ultima Thule to see if he had carried out his promise. He had kept ready an outhouse. In it he placed cushions against the walls and a little trough of milk. He had hung a flit birdcage. The bullfinch was dead too. The cats refused to stay there.

Jackson had named his house Ultima Thule – First rate, the whole place was the last word in comfort. A man must have a warm corner to end his days in. But in Thompson’s ‘Ultima Thule’, the bullfinch had died on a heart that had never known success.

*****



ODYSSEUS - Summary

  ODYSSEUS   Summary    Odysseus, lord of the isle of Ithaca, has been missing from his kingdom for twenty years. The first ten had been spe...